VITAMIN B12

What is vitamin B12?

Vitamin B12 belongs to the B family of vitamins. It is sometimes referred to as cobalamin.

What does vitamin B12 do in the body?

Vitamin B12 is a cofactor in chemical reactions related to cell metabolism and DNA in the body. Deficiencies in vitamin B12 can, therefore, be very consequential and severe. Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency can include low dietary intake, autoimmune conditions, malabsorption, surgery, contraceptive and hormone use, pregnancy, genetic causes, or drug interactions (metformin, proton pump inhibitors, and histamine H2 receptor agonists) [^[1]].

Symptoms of vitamin b12 deficiency include fatigue, lack of energy, nervous system issues, and psychological dysfunction [^[2]]. Slow thinking, confusion, changes in memory, depression, and acute psychotic states may be psychiatric symptoms attributed to vitamin B12 deficiency [^[3]].

How can vitamin B12 help alleviate certain Long COVID symptoms and pathophysiology? 

Long COVID patients should ensure that they receive adequate vitamin B12 supplementation. Vitamin B12, a member of the B vitamin family, plays a crucial role in the functioning of the nervous system. Therefore, it is imperative for Long COVID patients experiencing neurological symptoms such as “brain fog” to maintain sufficient levels of vitamin B12 [[4]]. Additionally, vitamin B12 supplementation may aid in alleviating depressive symptoms and fatigue, both of which are associated with Long COVID [[5]].

Research suggests that vitamin B12 deficiency may be common in Long COVID, similar to other chronic conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Individuals with autoimmune disorders are also susceptible to vitamin B12 deficiency.

Moreover, vitamin B12 deficiency is correlated with elevated homocysteine levels, a marker of inflammation that can lead to arterial damage. Considering the potential existing inflammation in the arteries of Long COVID patients, it is essential to ensure adequate vitamin B12 levels to mitigate this risk [[4]].