CITALOPRAM
What is citalopram (Celexa)?
Used for depression, citalopram belongs to a class of medication called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Serotonin is a molecule in the body that aids in mood, sexual desire, sleep, digestion, wound healing, bone health, and blood clotting. It is often referred to in psychology as the “happy” chemical. In conditions like depression, the brain is dealing with an imbalance of chemicals such as serotonin. SSRIs, like citalopram, work by keeping serotonin in the space where it can readily be available for bodily processes.
What is the connection between citalopram and long-COVID?
In those diagnosed with long-COVID, many suffer from “brain fog”; decreased cognitive acuity, memory deficits, poor focus, reduced ability to multitask, and reduced concentration [2]. The proposed reason is that during a COVID-19 infection, the body’s immune response becomes activated, causing heavy amounts of inflammation. Additionally, serotonin has been shown to have an effect against viral inflammation by blocking certain viruses (like HIV-1) in the cells. Serotonin can decrease cytokine production, promoting the immune response [2]. This inflammation affects the central nervous system (CNS), brain, and spinal cord.
Researchers have begun to look at the use of citalopram to help in long-COVID due to its effects on serotonin and its role in depression. One trial conducted in 60 patients showed a decrease in depression when treated with citalopram [2]. A second study found the use of citalopram significantly contributed to a reduction in long-COVID symptoms [3]. Although more research needs to be conducted to support the use of SSRIs for inflammation-related long-COVID, for symptoms of depression associated with long-COVID, citalopram may be a viable option [4].
References:
2https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-45072-9
3https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40267-022-00975-x