IVABRADINE What is Ivabradine? Ivabradine is a medication used to treat heart conditions. What does Amantading do in the body? Ivabradine slows the electrical conduction in the heart which subsequently slows the heart rate. How can Ivabradine help alleviate certain long COVID symptoms and pathophysiology? The use of ivabradine in long COVID (post-acute sequelae Read More
Read MoreAMANTADINE What is Amantadine? Amantadine is a medication used to treat abnormal movements in conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. What does Amantadine do in the body? Amantadine has mild effects on dopamine neurons, but we’re not sure exactly how it works for Parkinson’s. It also seems to stop a virus from infecting cells, Read More
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Read MoreMELATONIN What is melatonin? Melatonin is a hormone produced by the brain’s pineal gland in darkness. Melatonin synthesis relies on the amino acid tryptophan [[1]]. What does melatonin do in the body? Melatonin helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle and helps us sleep. Light exposure at nighttime can block the production of melatonin [[2]]. Read More
Read MoreGLUTATHIONE What is glutathione? Glutathione is a tripeptide of glutamate, glycine, and cysteine [[1]]. It has been called a “mighty little molecule” because of its antioxidant, immune response, antiviral defense, and other functions [[1]]. What does glutathione do in the body? Glutathione is an antioxidant made in our bodies and found in our Read More
Read MoreIRON What is iron? All living organisms need iron. Iron is a mineral required for growth and development by our bodies [[1]]. Iron is used to shuttle oxygen from the lungs all over the body, including to muscles and our brains. Beyond its involvement in oxygen transport, iron also plays a role in the Read More
Read MoreGLUTAMINE AND BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACIDS (BCAAs) What are amino acids, including glutamine and branched-chain amino acids? Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and play essential roles in biological processes, including inflammation, glucose balance, and more, that may be involved in Long COVID. Amino acids contribute to intermediate molecules involved in energy-producing Read More
Read MoreOMEGA-3 FATS, SUCH AS DHA AND EPA What are omega-3 fats? Omega-3 fats are polyunsaturated fatty acids found in foods like fish and flaxseed. They can also be obtained from supplements, such as fish oil capsules [[1]]. Omega-3s can also be found in some plant sources, such as flaxseed [[2]]. Two types of Read More
Read MoreHYDROXY-BETA-METHYLBUTYRATE What is hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate? Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, or HMB, is a substance made during the body’s breakdown of the amino acid leucine [[1]]. What does hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate do in the body? HMB has many roles in the body. It is involved in forming proteins from amino acids, insulin activity, increase and growth of muscle cells, and Read More
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